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In recent years, China↕γ'€9;s modern tram market has been heati$ €•ng up, and low-floor vehicles, ★ which are the core part←₽≤ of modern tram systems∞₹↕, have gained great attentiφ×≥on from the market and the in✘ dustry. Against the b≈‌×↔ackground of Chinaα±∏9;s localisation policy, ☆Ωthe world's major tram〶 suppliers such as Bo™£₹mbardier, Alstom, Siemens, CAF, Vossloh<✔β, Ansaldo, Stadler, Inekon, etc. hav↕♣e found it difficult to obtain order↕€s from the Chinese mar₽↓γ®ket directly. Stadler/ABB (Stadler/"≈♥ABB), Inekon, etc. It γλγ®is difficult for them to get dire™★≠ ct orders from the Ch♦∏≥∑inese market. On the other∏→ hand, domestic companie∏γ₽s such as China CNR, CSR and Che∏♣ngdu Xinzhu Corporation have manufactu"βδ®red modern trams in Chinaφ§±∞ through independent R&D≤¥♥, buying out intellectual property ​✔βrights and co-operative R&am≤α§p;D respectively, and ha↕>σ∞ve been actively exploring the modern t‌&♣ram market in China and  ←≈even globally. At present, all domestic'σ car manufacturers have exhibited thei₹×r modern tram prototypes or models th€' rough domestic rail transport  "♣exhibitions or indust§©→♦ry conferences, and at the sa ¥me time, they have i>&​ntroduced comprehensive  ×✘technical solutions for ← trams to the market. Th ✔e following is a brief intr¥δ•≤oduction of the modern ¥✔≥tram market developmeφΩ>nt situation of the main dom×$σestic car manufacturers.

Changchun Railway Coaδ¶γch: Self-developed and operated in Huna★☆‌n

China North Locomotive Changchu×♦​€n Railway Coach Company Limite→✔∑βd ("Changke") is ₹​∑an early developer of modern trams i✔★"₽n China, and its self-developed l&<ε ow-floor modern trams hav♣ ‌e been successfully operated in Aug₽>ust 2013 in Hunnan New ☆≠District of Shenyang, i≤↔ncluding 70% low-floor vehi¥↕πcles and 100% low-flo±✔or vehicles. In May 2013, Chanδ>gke built a "manufacδ↑turing and repair base&quo→≈"t; in Hefei Hi-Tech Zone to developΩ≤, design and manufacture urban ra♠±Ω$il vehicles, intercity ↑₩rail vehicles, modern trams,÷£σ low-floor light rail vehicles and  σ↓other products. It iβ•φΩs learnt that Changke will also b•$φ©uild a modern tram production base i₽£n Shanghai. Longbus is also e↕♦∏xpected to obtain orders for modern☆€® tram projects in Shanghai and Zhengzλαhou.

Dalian Locomotive: Ground Power ≤δ Supply "Braidl∏&↑​ess" Operation

In October 2012, Dalian Lo€↕•comotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. ‌♥≥of CSR Group (Dalian Locomotive for  ‍short) signed a technology introducγ♥→™tion cooperation agreement wi​↑↑εth Ansaldo Breda of Italy, introdβ✔ucing the "braidless" m€↔‌odern tram and ground power±α®€ supply system technology, w>→§hich is popular in Europe ☆Ω, to China for the f§→irst time. Dalian Locomotive sigα>ned the technology introduct™∑ion cooperation agreem÷γ∞♥ent with Ansaldo Barreda of $‍≈λItaly. In March 2012, & Dalian Locomotive started th•'πe construction of th€•>e first domestic production base ‌₹of modern tram and ground φ∞  power supply system inγ≈σ Zhuhai, which will bδ≥¥e put into production in 2014 w"↕∞ith a localisation rate of over 80%. C"εurrently, Dalian Loco§∞motive is constructing Zhuhai ¥∞modern tram line 1 project in BT mode.α← × in September 2013, 'ε↔​Dalian Locomotive won the bidding ✘πσof Beijing Xijiao Line modern<→ tram vehicle procurement project, w↕§'hich will provide 31 100% low&Ω •-floor modern trams for Xijia←εσo Line. And Dalian Locomotive will < also build a modern tram for the ci§×λty of Dalian in May $¥β2014 to run on the s€♠treets of Dalian first&÷¶.

CSR Tangshan Railway  ≥≈λCoach: International Des®♥'¶ign and Export to Overseas

The modern trams of China CNR Tangshan ¥  ¥Railway Coach Co., L↔↔™ td ("CNR Tangshan") are joi∏≠ntly designed with LOGO‍• ♥MOTIVE, and CNR Tangshan owns completel←♣y independent intellectual property rigβ ₹↓hts on the technologies including bog€§εies. 2010, CNR Tangshan in®®®₹vested and took a contr€→olling stake in Quanzhou, Fujian₩☆¶ Province to set up CNR Quanzhou Co←<π©mpany to manufacture modern tram£ s, and agreed with Qua‌≠£nzhou City to build modern ±βΩ<tram lines in Quanzhou ®∏City in BT mode. In 2010, CNR-Tangzh‍¥ou invested and took a con€‍trolling stake in the es✔✔$¥tablishment of CNR Quanzhou in Qu≈δ✘♥anzhou, Fujian Province, to manufactur←♥ φe modern trams, and agre'™→☆ed with Quanzhou City to buil♦☆£d modern tram lines in Quanzhou City i>πn BT mode. At present, ↑≠CNR-Tangzhou is pushing forwar'>§d the construction of tramway ¶§↔tourism line project in Wuyi New Distr‌™≈ict of Nanping City. CSR Tang Che also  © has orders in foreign countries. In De✔£δcember 2012, it signed a pγΩ¶rocurement contract for 100% low-fl♥≠α€oor trams for the city☆←  of Samsun, Turkey, and the first tε>£rain was shipped to T≤"§♥urkey on 29 November 2013 by air.