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In recent years, China's modern t ≤'ram market has been heating upδ♠​, and low-floor vehicles, which arδ§✘e the core part of modern tr‌✘α₹am systems, have gained great attenti↕↕↓<on from the market and"←★ the industry. Against the backgrou♥₩nd of China's locali‍εsation policy, the wλ§σ‌orld's major tram suppliers£'↓ such as Bombardier, Alstom, Siemen↕↑>s, CAF, Vossloh, Ansaldo, Stadleφ±≤r, Inekon, etc. have found it✘↓ difficult to obtain orders from the↑•≈ Chinese market directl<™↔∏y. Stadler/ABB (StadlΩ₩®₹er/ABB), Inekon, etc. It is difficu₩φ÷lt for them to get dir♠εαect orders from the Chi ∞≈✘nese market. On the other han↔★d, domestic companies such as✘λδ€ China CNR, CSR and ♣φChengdu Xinzhu Corporation have m€™αanufactured modern trams in China throσ¥≤ugh independent R&Dβ≠, buying out intellectual propert✔™y rights and co-opera‍φtive R&D respectively, and hav★★e been actively exploring the'§© modern tram market in China☆<β≤ and even globally. At←₹↔↕ present, all domestic  ¶₽©car manufacturers have exhibite✘♣δd their modern tram prototypes β§ λor models through domestic rγ ₽βail transport exhibitions×♥↓δ or industry conferences,π←¶ and at the same time, they hav↔δ'e introduced comprehensive tec↕ ÷hnical solutions for tra &₹ms to the market. The following is a •≠brief introduction of the modern tram γ>♥market development situatio®☆↕→n of the main domestic car ma♣↕¶αnufacturers.

Changchun Railway Co₹ ach: Self-developed and operat​<ed in Hunan

China North Locomotive C‍✔ $hangchun Railway Coach Com↔φ₩αpany Limited ("Changke₩∏") is an early ♦‍₩developer of modern trams in C↔€>Ωhina, and its self-dev♥≥λ♠eloped low-floor modern trams have bee§↑π±n successfully operated‍&$ in August 2013 in Hunnan ↑ ♥↓New District of Shenyang, incl​δ<uding 70% low-floor vehicles and 1←≥00% low-floor vehicles ♦α. In May 2013, Changke buiδ×₩lt a "manufacturing  §σ↓and repair base" ≥¥≠in Hefei Hi-Tech Zone to dev§<÷elop, design and manufacture urban rai ☆♦l vehicles, intercit‍‌y rail vehicles, modern trams, low‍‌&-floor light rail vehicles and oth σer products. It is learnt that Cha$≠שngke will also build a modern tram pr← oduction base in Shaσ'♣ nghai. Longbus is also expec∑≤ted to obtain orders for mod★☆ern tram projects in Shanghai and Zhe Ωngzhou.

Dalian Locomotive: Ground Powe₩ πr Supply "Braidless&quo¶±t; Operation

In October 2012, Daliε±an Locomotive & Rolling Stock C∞✘o., Ltd. of CSR Group (Dal"←ian Locomotive for short) signed↕₽≠ a technology introduction cooperat→€Ωion agreement with A'←nsaldo Breda of Italy, introducin&↓↑g the "braidless<÷≠↑" modern tram and ground power↕$ supply system technolog≥¶★>y, which is popular in Europe, to Chi₩☆≥na for the first time. Dalian Locomγ ♦εotive signed the technology∑< introduction cooperation agreement w↔♥→←ith Ansaldo Barreda oλ↕f Italy. In March 2012, Dalian Lo$®♠≈comotive started the construction of∑λ the first domestic production base of γ®$modern tram and ground  ≠power supply system in Zhuhai, which ♠®‍will be put into productionΩ• in 2014 with a localisatπ€→ion rate of over 80%. Cu"≈→$rrently, Dalian Locomotive is →ε> constructing Zhuhai mod∑↓×$ern tram line 1 project in BT mode. ☆ β∏in September 2013, Dα↑↓✔alian Locomotive won t↔&≈ he bidding of Beijing Xij↓★♦☆iao Line modern tram vehi¥ cle procurement projec‌≥t, which will provide 31 100% low-fl♣←oor modern trams for Xijiao Line.§≠÷Ω And Dalian Locomotive will also​$≠λ build a modern tram for th×€e city of Dalian in May 2014↓☆γ♦ to run on the stree λ↓ts of Dalian first.

CSR Tangshan Railway Coach<&: International Desi$≤gn and Export to Over λ$§seas

The modern trams of China CNR Tangshan∑ΩΩφ Railway Coach Co., Ltd ("CNR Tang"÷shan") are joinα♥δ tly designed with LOGOMOTIVE, and•≈ CNR Tangshan owns com≠γpletely independent intell♠ ↑∏ectual property rights on the technol∏€"ogies including bogies. 2010, C♠λ∏₹NR Tangshan invested≥& → and took a controlling stake ≥≤in Quanzhou, Fujian Province to↓≥ set up CNR Quanzhou Company to mσ≥☆anufacture modern trams, and agreed w≠≠←₩ith Quanzhou City to buil☆ ∞d modern tram lines in Quanzhou Ci←®™ty in BT mode. In 2010, CNβ™$₽R-Tangzhou invested and took a control"‍ling stake in the establishmenπ₩ Ωt of CNR Quanzhou in Quanzho↕↓≥≠u, Fujian Province, to manufacture mod☆ ←ern trams, and agreed λ¶≤≥with Quanzhou City to build ₩©₽modern tram lines in Quanzhou Ciπ₹±ty in BT mode. At present,€∞≤♦ CNR-Tangzhou is pushing forward ∞★÷the construction of tramway tou<® "rism line project in Wuyi New Distri®‍®♦ct of Nanping City. CSR Tang"πε Che also has orders in foreign countri Ωes. In December 2012, ∏αit signed a procurement contrac©™‍×t for 100% low-floor trams for t'π≈he city of Samsun, Turkey,  ≥↔&and the first train was s ☆hipped to Turkey on 29 November 2013 bוy air.