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In recent years, China's modern ✔∏tram market has been heating✔&∑ up, and low-floor veh↑®∏≠icles, which are the cor↔↑​✘e part of modern tram systems, have ga©₩ined great attention from the market♦↕≤ and the industry. Agai≥εnst the background of China's£ε¶ localisation policy,&•Ω the world's major tram sπ☆uppliers such as Bomba₹‌≥↓rdier, Alstom, Sieme¶ε•→ns, CAF, Vossloh, Ans$>♠∑aldo, Stadler, Inekon★Ωφ, etc. have found it difficult to obta∏✘✔in orders from the Chinese market ← directly. Stadler/ABΩ☆§B (Stadler/ABB), Inekon, etc. It is d✘γε÷ifficult for them to get direct ≥♥≠orders from the Chinese market. O★☆n the other hand, dom&‍☆estic companies such as China♣䧕 CNR, CSR and Chengdu Xinzhu Corporatio♠←n have manufactured modern trams₩★ in China through ind ∏™₩ependent R&D, buying♥← out intellectual property r←‍ights and co-operative R&D re∞±spectively, and have been activ↔'π§ely exploring the modern tram ma≈±↓rket in China and even globally. At pr×‌ esent, all domestic car manufacturerΩ✔s have exhibited their modern tram pr↕¶σ¥ototypes or models through∑↕≠ε domestic rail transp×₩ort exhibitions or indus&'♦≥try conferences, and at the same time↔>​♣, they have introduced comprehensive ±∞€technical solutions for trams to α‌≤the market. The followingπ↑< is a brief introduction of the mode✘✘§&rn tram market development situation oΩ™ε✔f the main domestic car ma✘≠λ'nufacturers.

Changchun Railway Coa​♠ch: Self-developed and opera↑γ©ted in Hunan

China North Locomotive Changchun R‍£≈ailway Coach Company 맙♠Limited ("Changke") is an ear∑₽∞ly developer of modern trams in Chinα₽a, and its self-deve£₽∞loped low-floor modern trams have bee&×≤n successfully operated in Auπ gust 2013 in Hunnan Ne≈≤φw District of Shenyang, including 70% α↑low-floor vehicles and 100% low-floor v®δ↕ehicles. In May 2013, Changke ∑₽>↕built a "manufacturing and r•Ωepair base" in Hefei Hi-Tech Zo≤φ¥ne to develop, design and manufa↕••cture urban rail vehicles, i>‍₹εntercity rail vehicles, modφ₽♦ern trams, low-floor light r✔≠ail vehicles and other product' ®∞s. It is learnt that Changke will als↓α•o build a modern tram produc¥&tion base in Shanghai. Lon♠∏​↔gbus is also expected to obtain orde>‍rs for modern tram project₽ε✔s in Shanghai and Zhengzhou↓£λ.

Dalian Locomotive: Ground Power"↑∞ Supply "Braidless"∏ ¥ Operation

In October 2012, Dalian Locomotive &® ≠≤; Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. of CSRα↕<♠ Group (Dalian Locomotive for short÷→) signed a technology introduction →εcooperation agreement with Ansaldo B€γ‍reda of Italy, introducing the "α ×↕braidless" modern tram and grou¶₹∏↔nd power supply system technolog>>∞©y, which is popular in Europe, to China≤‌× for the first time. →​∏∏Dalian Locomotive signed t≈£♣he technology introduction coop★← eration agreement with Ansaldo Barreda <→of Italy. In March 2012, Dalian Loco♣¶₩∑motive started the construction of÷¥ the first domestic prod∏≠↑₹uction base of modern tram and groun​€φd power supply system in Zhuhai, which$↓ will be put into producti™♠φon in 2014 with a localisation rate of ≈↔↓over 80%. Currently, Da×Ω&Ωlian Locomotive is c¶¶ &onstructing Zhuhai mo ₽dern tram line 1 project in BT ↕εΩπmode. in September 2013, Dalian ©©←Locomotive won the bidding ¥Ω of Beijing Xijiao Line modern tram veh×≈₩∑icle procurement project,π♥☆ which will provide 31 ‌₩Ω100% low-floor modern trams for Xi₽₽σjiao Line. And Dalian Locomotive will₹ ♠ε also build a modern tram for the city↔¥ of Dalian in May 2014 to run on th♣©e streets of Dalian firstβ&&↕.

CSR Tangshan Railway Coach: Internation✘≠"λal Design and Export to Overseas

The modern trams of China CNR Tangs•♠×han Railway Coach Co., Ltd (<'"CNR Tangshan")π¥  are jointly designed ™Ω≠with LOGOMOTIVE, and CNR<& Tangshan owns completely inγ↑☆dependent intellectual property rightsδ✔♥ on the technologies in"•✔cluding bogies. 2010, CNR Tangshan i" εnvested and took a controllin €♠g stake in Quanzhou, Fujian Provinceδ→ to set up CNR Quanzhou Company∑γ→ to manufacture modern trams, and aβπ©greed with Quanzhou C≈∏φity to build modern tra'×​&m lines in Quanzhou City in BT mode. In☆​ 2010, CNR-Tangzhou invested a ₩↕©nd took a controlling stake in th™‌₹→e establishment of CNR Quanzhou in ₽¥§Quanzhou, Fujian Province, to manu™•♥♥facture modern trams, and a δgreed with Quanzhou City to build m→→±odern tram lines in Quanzhou City©✘$ in BT mode. At present, C♦₽NR-Tangzhou is pushing forward the co‍×≥nstruction of tramway tourism line proj<☆✔ect in Wuyi New Districtλ' of Nanping City. CSR Tang Che σ ≠¥also has orders in foreign countries.≤↕ In December 2012, it signed a procurem‍€≥<ent contract for 100% low-floor tram♥β€s for the city of Samsun, Turke♠↑ ®y, and the first train was shipped γ₹​to Turkey on 29 November 2013 by air.≥♦≠